1. Document revision 1.33

1. January 3, 2022
   
2. Copyright 2017-2023 Zenseio LLC

2. Introduction

Zenseio LoRa Soil Moisture Pro (LSMP) device is providing long-range telemetry for SDI-12 soil moisture probes and other commonly used sensors using LoRaWAN wireless standard from LoRa Alliance. 

Currently, Zenseio LoRaWAN Soil Moisture Pro device supports the following soil moisture probes:

• Sentek

• Greenshield

• AquaCheck

• HSTi

• TriBus

• Meter Group / Decagon

Other types of probes and sensors may be readily supported through configuration or firmware update in the future. Please send an email message to support@zenseio.com with your inquiry.

3. Hardware installation instructions

3.1. Attach the antenna

Screw in firmly (but don't over tighten) the included antenna.

3.2. Open Zenseio device

The cover opens by opening two tabs on one side. No tools are required to open or to attach probes or other sensors that have stripped wires.

3.3. Turn on the power switch 

Slide the Power switch to “On” position to power up the device.

It’s best to turn on the device when it is in the range of the LoRaWAN gateway belonging to the network to which the device is registered to. During the initialization, the device will attempt to connect to the LoRa network and will start reading the probe/sensor and sending their values to the cloud servers. If there is no network in range, the device will not be able to join and will retry on the next scheduled update period (once an hour). After a few hours of retries with no success in joining the network, the device will switch to twice-a-day retries to conserve the battery.

When the device is turned on, you can initiate the network join and probe/sensor reading by briefly pressing the USer Button as described in Section 4 or using the Android app (Section 5).

3.3.1. Resetting the device

To reset LSMP device:

1. Slide the power switch to “Off” position.

2. Press and release the User Button

3. Slide the power switch to the “On” position.

Resetting the device will set the interfaces to the last configuration and initiate the LoRaWAN network join procedure as if the device was freshly powered up.

3.3.2. Resetting to factory-programmed configuration

LSMP device preserves its configuration even when the power switch is turned off or when the battery is disconnected. If the device accidentally gets configured to undesired settings, it can be quickly restored to the original factory-programmed configuration with the following simple procedure:

1. Slide the power switch to the “Off” position.

2. Gently push the User Button.

3. Slide the power switch to the  “On” position while holding the User Sutton pressed.

4. Hold the User Button in place for a few seconds until both red and green Status lights start to flash.

5. Release the User Button.

The device will reboot with the original factory configuration in place. If both red and green Status lights don’t flash in the first few seconds after turning the power switch on, retry this procedure until it does.

3.4. Insert soil moisture probe cable through a cable gland

You may need to turn the cable gland counter-clockwise to loosen it first.

3.5. Connect sensor cable to board terminals

3.5.1. Insert the soil moisture probe wires into the terminal 

For each wire, press a small tab on the green terminal header. Insert stripped wire into the corresponding hole on the green terminal header. Release the tab. Check that the wires are attached securely by gently pulling on them. They should not come out.

For your convenience, the description of the probe wire colors is as described in the table below. But, always consult with the probe’s manufacturer for the definitive reference, in case the color assignment changes.

SDI-12 Data connects to terminal “SDI-12”

Power connects to terminal “VAUX”

Ground connects to terminal “GND”

Important: Please note that while the SDI-12 standard is capable of connecting multiple SDI-12 probes to the same master logger, LSMP device supports one SDI-12 probe at a time. Do not connect more than one probe. Additionally, ensure that the SDI-12 address of the probe must be “0”.

3.5.2. Connect other sensors using GPI

Aside from SDI-12 interface, LSMP devices can monitor many different types of commonly used sensors using other standard interfaces: tipping rain buckets, pressure switches, pressure transducers/transmitters, flow meters, temperature sensors, and others. There are 3 independent general purpose inputs (GPI’s) that can be configured via the mobile phone app or via LoRaWAN to read several types of analog and digital interfaces, with capabilities as shown in the table below.

If the sensors are externally powered, LSMP device can generate appropriate supply voltage (5V, 8V, 9V, or 12V) on the VAUX header connector during the time the sensor is read. 

Pressure switch Installation 

(pressure switches, trip wires, etc.)

1. Select “High Level Trigger”, “Low Level Trigger”, or “Any Level Trigger” mode in the mobile phone configuration app.

2. Connect COM (black) wire to GND header connector.

3. Connect NO (normally open) or NC (normally closed) wire to the selected GPI header connector. 

Tipping rain bucket installation

Generic rain buckets with two wires:

1. Select “Pulse Counter (debounce)” mode in the mobile phone configuration app. 

2. Connect one wire into the selected GPI header connector.

3. Connect the other wire into the GND header connector. 

Davis Instruments tipping rain buckets have three wires on its cable (red, yellow, green). Two of them (yellow and green) are shorted together inside the rain bucket. Twist those unstripped wire-ends together before inserting them into the GPI terminal connector. The other wire (red) will go into the GND terminal connector.

Flow meter installation

1. Select “Pulse Counter” mode in the mobile phone configuration app. 

2. Connect COM wire to GND.

3. Connect pulse counter output to the selected GPI header connector.

4-20mA current loop sensor installation 

(pressure transducers and many other types)

2 wire sensors (power supply and 4-20mA current loop output combined)

1. Select “4-20mA” mode in the mobile phone configuration app.

2. Select appropriate VAUX voltage level supported by the sensor and compatible with other sensors using VAUX power supply.

3. Insert jumper cable between VAUX and GPI2C header connectors. Jumper cable is just an insulated short (3") wire (AWG24 to AWG16) with stripped ends.

4. Insert sensor’s red wire into GPI2 header connector

5. Insert sensor’s COM (black) wire and ground/shield wire (if there is one) into GND header connector next to GPI2

4 wire sensors (power supply and 4-20mA current loop output separated)

1. Select “4-20mA” mode in the mobile phone configuration app.

2. Select appropriate VAUX voltage level supported by the sensor and compatible with other sensors using VAUX power supply.

3. Insert sensor’s positive power supply wire into VAUX header connector.

4. Insert sensor’s COM wire into GND header connector.

5. Insert sensor’s positive 4-20mA loop wire into GPI2C header connector.

6. Insert sensor’s negative 4-20mA loop wire into GPI2 header connector.

Sensor with voltage output installation 

(pressure transducers and many other types)

1. Insert sensor’s COM/ground (typically black) wire to GND.

2. Insert sensor’s positive power supply (typically red) wire into VAUX header connector.

3. Insert sensor’s voltage output wire into GPI2 or GPI 3 header connector.

Thermistor installation

1. Select “Thermistor (1-Wire)” mode in the mobile phone configuration app.

2. Twist red and blue wires together and insert them into the GND header connector next to GPI3.

3. Insert yellow wire into the GPI3 header connector.

3.5.3. Tighten cable gland

Turn the cable gland clockwise to tighten it to provide water-resistance, but do not overtighten.

3.6. Close and secure the lid 

Close the lid and latch tabs to lock it. Ensure that no wires are caught in the seam.

3.7. Removing battery connector

The battery connector uses a locking mechanism to hold it reliably in place. It has to be disengaged first, so it can be removed effortlessly, without breaking the connector. Since the locking tab is very small, it’s best to use a small, flat-tip screwdriver to push it, as in the photos below.

4. Triggering probe measurements and sending uplink messages on-demand

LSMP device contains the User Button which is used to trigger probe measurements and sending sensor data to the cloud by momentarily pressing it. When the device is joined to the LoRaWAN network and within the range of a LoRaWAN gateway, an uplink with probe sensor data will appear in the cloud application within a minute or two. If the device is in shutdown state or has not joined the LoRaWAN network, it will wake up and initiate the network join procedure. 

This mode is useful for quickly checking sensor probes and LoRaWAN network connectivity when installing the device in the field. 

When the device is set to Hibernation Mode (via mobile phone app), the User Button can be used to exit this shutdown state by simply pressing it briefly. Green LED will blink briefly to indicate a wakeup event. It’s best to wake up the device only in LoRaWAN network range, to prevent excessive battery drain when the device tries to unsuccessfully join the network on each update period when there is no network coverage.

5. Device configuration via mobile phone app with NFC

LSMP device provides a method of configuring its configuration using an mobile phone with NFC capability (no cellular data plan is required). The app can be downloaded from Google Play app store at: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zenseio.smp_configurator

To read the device configuration, open the app on the mobile phone and briefly tap on the silver circle on the front label of the enclosure with the phone (where its NFC antenna is located). Then the configuration options can be modified in the app. To write the new configuration, press the “Write” tab and tap again on the silver circle with the phone to complete the programming.

“Status” tab in the app allows you to view the various status info about the device.

Please see “Zenseio Mobile App User Guide” for detailed instructions on how to use and configure LSMP with the app.

6. Device mounting

LSMP device includes a universal mounting bracket that allows you to mount it easily either to a wooden flat surface (for example post, fence, board)  or to a round pole (for example metal, concrete). Ensure that the device is mounted upright and there is no possibility of submersion in water during rain or snowmelt.

6.1. Mounting to a wooden surface

1. Turn the metal bracket so the flat side is on the back side.

2. Screw in or nail the bracket to a flat wood surface through the middle, round hole.

6.2. Mounting to a pole

1. Turn the metal bracket so the curved side is on the back side.

2. Thread a hose clamp (max width 0.5”) through the two rectangular slots.

3. Tighten the hose clamp around a pole

7. Firmware upgrade procedure

Zenseio LSMP device contains a powerful microcontroller which is programmed with sophisticated firmware (low-level software). As Zenseio improves on the firmware or adds new features, Zenseio LSMP devices firmware can be upgraded in-field by customers. However, a special programming cable, a Windows 10 PC/laptop, and some technical expertise is required. The firmware upgrade procedure is as below.

To complete the following steps, a generic micro-USB cable (USB 2.0 cable with A Male to Micro B connectors) is required. It is readily available from most electronic equipment stores and distributors.

​

7.1. Locate a white programming header next to the battery

7.2. Connect the programming cable

7.2.1. Insert the USB cable plug into the programming header

Insert micro-B USB programming cable into the micro USB plug. The micro USB plug is polarized, so it will effortlessly insert only in one orientation.

7.2.2. Insert the USB A connector of the programming cable into the Windows 10 PC/laptop’s USB port.

7.3. Prepare Windows 10 PC/laptop

This setup can be done once for reprogramming many devices.

7.3.1. Find the COM port the device is using via USB port

Type device manager on the Windows search bar and click on the “Device Manager Control Panel” result that shows up.

When the Control Panel shows up, click on the side arrow next to the “Ports (COM/LPT) line. The line expands and shows more lines underneath as in the picture.

Make a note of the COM port number next to the “Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge” line. We will use it in the later steps.

7.3.2. Download programming files

Download and place the device programming files into your PC/laptop. If the programming files are in zip file format, unzip them. Note the directory of these files, as we will use it in the next steps. 

7.3.3. Open “Command Prompt” desktop app

In Windows 10, open a Command Prompt app, by typing Command Prompt at the Windows Search Bar and select this desktop app.

7.3.4. Open directory with the programming files

Type the following command in the Command Prompt app and press Enter:

cd C:\Users\MyPC\Downloads\Zenseio

where “C:\Users\MyPC\Downloads” is the directory you noted where the programming files are located (will be named differently in your case)

7.4. Reprogram devices

In the Command Prompt window you set up in the previous step, type the following command:

upgrade COM26

where COM26 is an example of the COM port number you got from the earlier step.

Wait for a couple dozen seconds until you see a 100% complete success message, indicating the firmware upgrade procedure was successful.

If you did not use the correct COM port, you will see an error message: “No device found on ...”

Now, unplug the programming cable from the device, replace the protective cover on the programming header, and close the lid.

To program additional devices, place the programming cable plug on another device, and repeat upgrade COM26 command in the Command Prompt. Note, you can use an “up” arrow key on the keyboard in the Command Prompt window to bring up the last command, without having to retype it.

8. Maintenance

This product is designed to provide years of service when it is properly installed and maintained. Here are the guidelines:

1. Do not attempt to disassemble or modify the device. Aside from the battery, there are no user serviceable parts inside.

2. Prevent water damage to the electronics inside by always closing the lid using two latches, locking the cable gland tightly around an external sensor cable, and installing the supplied antenna. When installed outdoors, the device should never have any exposed openings. Never submerse the device.

3. When closing the lid, ensure no wires or other objects are caught in the lid seams

4. Maintain the installation in the upright orientation unless approved differently by the manufacturer.

5. Always operate the device under the operating conditions specified in the Product Specification. Operating outside the specified operating range may result in damage to the device or fire.

6. Connect only the supplied or manufacturer-approved antenna, and always keep it connected when the device is in power “On” state. Always point the antenna tip vertically.

7. If needed, replace the battery only with the manufacturer-approved battery. Dispose of the old battery according to your local regulations.

8. If needed, the device exterior can be cleaned with water or diluted soap detergent - never with harsh detergents nor other chemicals. Never clean the interior with any liquid.

9. If requested by the manufacturer, perform the firmware upgrade according to the outlined procedure.

10. Do not misuse the device. Follow instructions on proper operation and only use as intended. Misuse could make the device inoperable, damage the device and/or other equipment, or harm users.

11. Do not apply excessive pressure on the device electronics. This could result in damage to the device or harm to users.

12. Do not use this device in explosive or hazardous environments unless the model is specifically approved for such use. The device may cause sparks. Sparks in explosive areas could cause explosion or fire and may result in property damage, severe injury, and/or death.

13. When the device reaches its useful end of life, dispose of it according to your local regulations.

9. Support

For help, please contact your reseller, dealer, or distributor you purchased the device from. 

10. Regulatory Notices

10.1. FCC

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

10.2. ICC

This device complies with Industry Canada license exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.

Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes: (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement.

Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication.

Conformément à la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent émetteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d'un type et d'un gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pour l'émetteur par Industrie Canada. Dans le but de réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il faut choisir le type d'antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente (p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire à l'établissement d'une communication satisfaisante.

This radio transmitter (6514A-RN2903) has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed below with the maximum permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.

Conformément à la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent émetteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d'un type et d'un gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pour l'émetteur par Industrie Canada. Dans le but de réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il faut choisir le type d'antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente (p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire à l'établissement d'une communication satisfaisante.

11. Important Product Information

11.1. Safety and Compliance Information Use Responsibility.

Read all instructions and safety information before use.

11.2. Lithium Battery Safety Information.

The Lithium batteries accompanying this device cannot be recharged. Do not open, disassemble, bend, deform, puncture, or shred the battery. Do not modify, attempt to

insert foreign objects into the battery or immerse or expose to water or other liquids. Do not expose the battery to fire, explosion, or other hazard. Promptly dispose of used, damaged, or leaking batteries in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. If fluid from the battery comes into contact with skin or clothes, flush with water immediately. It is required to use only manufacturer-approved 3.6V Lithium batteries with compatible plug with this product.

11.3. Radio Frequency (RF) Safety

Due to the possibility of radio frequency (RF) interference, it is important that you follow any special regulations regarding the use of radio equipment. Follow the safety advice given below.

• Operating your device close to other electronic equipment may cause interference if the  equipment is inadequately protected. Observe any warning signs and manufacturers’ recommendations.

• Different industries and businesses restrict the use of wireless radio devices. Respect restrictions on the use of radio equipment in fuel depots, chemical plants, or where blasting operations are in process. Follow restrictions for any environment where you operate the device. 

• Switch OFF your wireless device when in an aircraft. Using portable electronic devices in an aircraft may endanger aircraft operation, disrupt the cellular network, and is illegal. Failing to observe this restriction may lead to suspension or denial of cellular services to the offender, legal action, or both. 

• Switch OFF your wireless device when around gasoline or diesel-fuel pumps and before filling your vehicle with fuel. 

• Switch OFF your wireless device in hospitals and any other place where medical equipment may be in use.

11.4. User Responsibility

Respect all local regulations for operating your wireless device. Use the security features to block unauthorized use and theft.