1. Document revision 1.13

1. January 3, 2022
   
2. Copyright 2017-2023 Zenseio LLC

2. Introduction

Zenseio Cellular Soil Moisture Pro (CSMP) device is providing long-range telemetry for SDI-12 soil moisture probes and other commonly used sensors using cellular LTE Cat-M1 wireless network. 

Currently, CSMP device supports the following soil moisture probes:

• Sentek

• Greenshield

• AquaCheck

• HSTi

• TriBus

• Meter Group / Decagon

Other types of probes and sensors may be readily supported through configuration or firmware update in the future. Please send an email message to support@zenseio.com with your inquiry.

3. Hardware installation instructions

3.1. Attach the antenna

Screw in firmly (but don't over tighten) the included antenna.

3.2. Open Zenseio device

The cover opens by opening two tabs on one side. No tools are required to open or to attach probes or other sensors that have stripped wires.

3.3. Turn on the power switch 

Slide the Power switch to “On” position to power up the device.

It’s best to turn on the device when it is in the range of supported cellular LTE networks. During the initialization, the device will attempt to connect to the LTE network and will start reading the probe/sensor and sending their values to the cloud servers. If there is no network in range (indicated by Status red LED flashes at the end of the join procedure), the device will not be able to join and will retry on the next scheduled update period (once an hour). After a few hours of retries with no success in joining the network, the device will switch to twice-a-day retries to conserve the battery.

When the device is first powered up in a new cellular service area, it may take a long time to search all cellular bands and carriers to successfully join the network. The join procedure may time out (indicated by Status red LED flashes) and slow down the join procedure re-tries. To ensure cellular network connectivity in the installation area and to speed up the network join, repeatedly press the User Button after red LED flashes to manually force the rejoin procedure. 

When the join procedure completes without any red LED flashes (and only with long green LED flashes), or as indicated on the Status tab of the smartphone app, the device is fully operational and connected to the cellular network. 

However, if after the repeated User Button presses over 10-15 min period, the red LED still flashes, there might not be a supported cellular network coverage at this location. Relocate the device to a different area and try again.

Note that the device’s cellular modem can have very long response times (up to 5 minutes) where there is no LED activity. Do not turn off the power to the device at those times, since this may corrupt the internal state of the modem.

Once the first network join is successfully completed, the subsequent power ups should take a short time.

3.3.1. Resetting the device

To reset CSMP device:

1. Slide the power switch to “Off” position.

2. Press and release the User Button

3. Slide the power switch to the “On” position.

Resetting the device will set the interfaces to the last configuration and initiate the LoRaWAN network join procedure as if the device was freshly powered up.

3.3.2. Resetting to factory-programmed configuration

CSMP device preserves its configuration even when the power switch is turned off or when the battery is disconnected. If the device accidentally gets configured to undesired settings, it can be quickly restored to the original factory-programmed configuration with the following simple procedure:

1. Slide the power switch to the “Off” position.

2. Gently push the User Button.

3. Slide the power switch to the “On” position while holding the User Button pressed.

4. Hold the User Button in place for a few seconds until both red and green Status lights start to flash.

5. Release the User Button.

The device will reboot with the original factory configuration in place. If both red and green Status lights don’t flash in the first few seconds after turning the power switch on, retry this procedure until it does.

3.4. Insert soil moisture probe cable through a cable gland

You may need to turn the cable gland counter-clockwise to loosen it first.

3.5. Connect sensor cable to board terminals

3.5.1. Insert the soil moisture probe wires into the terminal 

For each wire, press a small tab on the green terminal header. Insert stripped wire into the corresponding hole on the green terminal header. Release the tab. Check that the wires are attached securely by gently pulling on them. They should not come out.

For your convenience, the description of the probe wire colors is as described in the table below. But, always consult with the probe’s manufacturer for the definitive reference, in case the color assignment changes.

SDI-12 Data connects to terminal “SDI-12”

Power connects to terminal “VAUX”

Ground connects to terminal “GND”

Important: Please note that while the SDI-12 standard is capable of connecting multiple SDI-12 probes to the same master logger, CSMP device supports one SDI-12 probe at a time. Do not connect more than one probe. Additionally, ensure that the SDI-12 address of the probe must be “0”.

3.5.2. Connect other sensors using GPI

Aside from SDI-12 interface, CSMP device can monitor many different types of commonly used sensors using other standard interfaces: tipping rain buckets, pressure switches, pressure transducers/transmitters, flow meters, temperature sensors, and others. There are 3 independent general purpose inputs (GPI’s) that can be configured via the mobile phone app or via radio downlink commands to read several types of analog and digital interfaces, with capabilities as shown in the table below.

If the sensors are externally powered, CSMP device can generate appropriate supply voltage (5V, 8V, 9V, or 12V) on the VAUX header connector during the time the sensor is read. 

Pressure switch Installation 

(pressure switches, trip wires, etc.)

1. Select “High Level Trigger”, “Low Level Trigger”, or “Any Level Trigger” mode in the mobile phone configuration app.

2. Connect COM (black) wire to GND header connector.

3. Connect NO (normally open) or NC (normally closed) wire to the selected GPI header connector. 

Tipping rain bucket installation

Generic rain buckets with two wires:

1. Select “Pulse Counter (debounce)” mode in the mobile phone configuration app. 

2. Connect one wire into the selected GPI header connector.

3. Connect the other wire into the GND header connector. 

Davis Instruments tipping rain buckets have three wires on its cable (red, yellow, green). Two of them (yellow and green) are shorted together inside the rain bucket. Twist those unstripped wire-ends together before inserting them into the GPI terminal connector. The other wire (red) will go into the GND terminal connector.

Flow meter installation

1. Select “Pulse Counter” mode in the mobile phone configuration app. 

2. Connect COM wire to GND.

3. Connect pulse counter output to the selected GPI header connector.

4-20mA current loop sensor installation 

(pressure transducers and many other types)

2 wire sensors (power supply and 4-20mA current loop output combined)

1. Select “4-20mA” mode in the mobile phone configuration app.

2. Select appropriate VAUX voltage level supported by the sensor and compatible with other sensors using VAUX power supply.

3. Insert jumper cable between VAUX and GPI2C header connectors. Jumper cable is just an insulated short (3") wire (AWG24 to AWG16) with stripped ends.

4. Insert sensor’s red wire into GPI2 header connector

5. Insert sensor’s COM (black) wire and ground/shield wire (if there is one) into GND header connector next to GPI2

4 wire sensors (power supply and 4-20mA current loop output separated)

1. Select “4-20mA” mode in the mobile phone configuration app.

2. Select appropriate VAUX voltage level supported by the sensor and compatible with other sensors using VAUX power supply.

3. Insert sensor’s positive power supply wire into VAUX header connector.

4. Insert sensor’s COM wire into GND header connector.

5. Insert sensor’s positive 4-20mA loop wire into GPI2C header connector.

6. Insert sensor’s negative 4-20mA loop wire into GPI2 header connector.

Sensor with voltage output installation 

(pressure transducers and many other types)

1. Insert sensor’s COM/ground (typically black) wire to GND.

2. Insert sensor’s positive power supply (typically red) wire into VAUX header connector.

3. Insert sensor’s voltage output wire into GPI2 or GPI 3 header connector.

Thermistor installation

1. Select “Thermistor (1-Wire)” mode in the mobile phone configuration app.

2. Twist red and blue wires together and insert them into the GND header connector next to GPI3.

3. Insert yellow wire into the GPI3 header connector.

3.5.3. Tighten cable gland

Turn the cable gland clockwise to tighten it to provide water-resistance, but do not overtighten.

3.6. Close and secure the lid 

Close the lid and latch tabs to lock it. Ensure that no wires are caught in the seam.

3.7. Removing battery connector

The battery connector uses a locking mechanism to hold it reliably in place. It has to be disengaged first, so it can be removed effortlessly, without breaking the connector. Since the locking tab is very small, it’s best to use a small, flat-tip screwdriver to push it, as in the photos below.

4. Triggering probe measurements and sending uplink messages on-demand

CSMP device contains the User Button which is used to trigger probe measurements and sending sensor data to the cloud by momentarily pressing it. When the device is within the range of a supported cellular network, an uplink with probe sensor data will appear in the cloud application within a minute or two.

This mode is useful for quickly checking probe and cellular network connectivity when installing the device in the field. 

When the device is set to Hibernation Mode (via mobile phone app), the User Button can be used to exit this shutdown state by simply pressing it briefly. Green LED will blink briefly to indicate a wakeup event. It’s best to wake up the device only in the LTE network range, to prevent excessive battery drain when the device tries to unsuccessfully join the network on each update period when there is no network coverage.

5. Device configuration via mobile phone app with NFC

CSMP device provides a method of configuring its configuration using a mobile phone with NFC capability (no cellular data plan is required). The app can be downloaded from 

Apple App Store: 

https://apps.apple.com/us/app/zenconfig/id1513854657 

Google Play app store: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zenseio.smp_configurator

To read the device configuration, open the app on the mobile phone and briefly tap on the silver circle on the front label of the enclosure with the phone (where its NFC antenna is located). Then the configuration options can be modified in the app. To write the new configuration, press the “Write” tab and tap again on the silver circle with the phone to complete the programming.

“Status” tab in the app allows you to view the various status info about the device.

Please see “Zenseio Mobile Phone App User Guide” for detailed instructions on how to use and configure CSMP with the app.

6. Device mounting

CSMP device includes a universal mounting bracket that allows you to mount it easily either to a wooden flat surface (for example post, fence, board)  or to a round pole (for example metal, concrete). Ensure that the device is mounted upright and there is no possibility of submersion in water during rain or snowmelt.

6.1. Mounting to a wooden surface

1. Turn the metal bracket so the flat side is on the back side.

2. Screw in or nail the bracket to a flat wood surface through the middle, round hole.
   

6.2. Mounting to a pole

1. Turn the metal bracket so the curved side is on the back side.

2. Thread a hose clamp (max width 0.5”) through the two rectangular slots.

3. Tighten the hose clamp around a pole
   

7. Firmware upgrade procedure

Zenseio CSMP device contains a powerful microcontroller which is programmed with sophisticated firmware (low-level software). As Zenseio improves on the firmware or adds new features, Zenseio CSMP devices firmware can be upgraded in-field by customers. However, a special programming cable, a Windows 10 PC/laptop, and some technical expertise is required. The firmware upgrade procedure is as below.

To complete the following steps, a generic micro-USB cable (USB 2.0 cable with A Male to Micro B connectors) is required. It is readily available from most electronic equipment stores and distributors.

7.1. Locate a white programming header next to the battery

7.2. Connect the programming cable

7.2.1. Insert the USB cable plug into the programming header

Insert micro-B USB programming cable into the micro USB plug. The micro USB plug is polarized, so it will effortlessly insert only in one orientation.

7.2.2. Insert the USB A connector of the programming cable into the Windows 10 PC/laptop’s USB port.

Ensure no other device is connected to the PC USB ports.

7.3. Prepare Windows 10 PC/laptop

7.3.1. Download programming files

Download and place the device programming files into your PC/laptop. The download URL should be requested from Zenseio (email to support@zenseio.com). If the programming files are in zip file format, unzip them. Note the directory of these files, as we will use it in the next steps. 

7.4. Reprogram device

Double-click on the upgrade_zenseio.bat file to start the upgrade utility. You may need to press the “Enter” button a few times to complete the upgrade. When you see a success message, the firmware upgrade has been completed. You may remove the USB cable from the device and power it off.

8. Maintenance

This product is designed to provide years of service when it is properly installed and maintained. Here are the guidelines:

1. Do not attempt to disassemble or modify the device. Aside from the battery, there are no user serviceable parts inside. 

2. Do not replace the included SIM card unless requested to do so by the manufacturer.

3. Prevent water damage to the electronics inside by always closing the lid using two latches, locking the cable gland tightly around an external sensor cable, and installing the supplied antenna. When installed outdoors, the device should never have any exposed openings. Never submerse the device.

4. When closing the lid, ensure no wires or other objects are caught in the lid seams

5. Maintain the installation in the upright orientation unless approved differently by the manufacturer.

6. Always operate the device under the normal operating conditions specified in the Product Specification. Operation in extended operating range is possible, but be advised of possible reduction in radio range and shortened battery life. Operating outside the extended operating range may result in damage to the device or fire.

7. Connect only the supplied or manufacturer-approved antenna, and always keep it connected when the device is in power “On” state. Always point the tip of the antenna vertically.

8. Cellular signal strength may greatly affect battery life and connection reliability, so it is remotely monitored by the manufacturer for quality. In case of consistent poor quality signal, if requested by the manufacturer or the authorized dealer, the device should be promptly relocated to another, more suitable location or mounted at a higher elevation, eg. on a taller pole. 

9. If needed, replace the battery only with the manufacturer-approved battery. Dispose of the old battery according to your local regulations.

10. If needed, the device exterior can be cleaned with water or diluted soap detergent - never with harsh detergents nor other chemicals. Never clean the interior with any liquid.

11. If requested by the manufacturer, perform the firmware upgrade according to the outlined procedure.

12. Do not misuse the device. Follow instructions on proper operation and only use as intended. Misuse could make the device inoperable, damage the device and/or other equipment, or harm users.

13. Do not apply excessive pressure on the device electronics. This could result in damage to the device or harm to users.

14. Do not use this device in explosive or hazardous environments unless the model is specifically approved for such use. The device may cause sparks. Sparks in explosive areas could cause explosion or fire and may result in property damage, severe injury, and/or death.

15. When the device reaches its useful end of life, dispose of it according to your local regulations.

9. Support

For help, please contact your reseller, dealer, or distributor you purchased the device from. 

10. Regulatory Notices

10.1. FCC

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

FCC Grant Part 22, 24, and 27

The u-blox AG: SARA-R4 cellular module has been issued an equipment authorization by the FCC.

The device operates within approved frequencies overlapping with the following cellular bands:

• LTE 2, 1900 PCS UP

• LTE 25, 1900+ UP

• LTE 35, TD PCS Lower DOWN

• UMTS CH 2 UP

• UMTS CH 25 UP

• UMTS CH 35 DOWN

The following table provides the certified radio frequency data for this device:

​

Single Modular Approval. Power output listed is conducted. This device is approved for mobile and fixed use with respect to RF exposure compliance. The antenna used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons.

Maximum permitted antenna gain with cable:

• 3.67 dbi for 700 MHz

• 4.10 dBi for 850 MHz

• 6.74 dBi for 1700 MHz

• 7.12 dBi for 1900 MHz

11. Important Product Information

11.1. Safety and Compliance Information Use Responsibility.

Read all instructions and safety information before use.

11.2. Lithium Battery Safety Information.

The Lithium batteries accompanying this device cannot be recharged. Do not open, disassemble, bend, deform, puncture, or shred the battery. Do not modify, attempt to

insert foreign objects into the battery or immerse or expose to water or other liquids. Do not expose the battery to fire, explosion, or other hazard. Promptly dispose of used, damaged, or leaking batteries in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. If fluid from the battery comes into contact with skin or clothes, flush with water immediately. It is required to use only manufacturer-approved 3.6V Lithium batteries with the compatible plug with this product.

11.3. Radio Frequency (RF) Safety

Due to the possibility of radio frequency (RF) interference, it is important that you follow any special regulations regarding the use of radio equipment. Follow the safety advice given below.

• Operating your device close to other electronic equipment may cause interference if the  equipment is inadequately protected. Observe any warning signs and manufacturers’ recommendations.

• Different industries and businesses restrict the use of cellular devices. Respect restrictions on the use of radio equipment in fuel depots, chemical plants, or where blasting operations are in process. Follow restrictions for any environment where you operate the device. 

• Switch OFF your wireless device when in an aircraft. Using portable electronic devices in an aircraft may endanger aircraft operation, disrupt the cellular network, and is illegal. Failing to observe this restriction may lead to suspension or denial of cellular services to the offender, legal action, or both. 

• Switch OFF your wireless device when around gasoline or diesel-fuel pumps and before filling your vehicle with fuel. 

• Switch OFF your wireless device in hospitals and any other place where medical equipment may be in use.

• CAUTION: Maintain a separation distance of at least 20 cm (8 inches) between the transmitter’s antenna and the body of the user or nearby persons.

11.4. Interference with Pacemakers and Other Medical Devices

11.4.1. Potential Interference

Radio frequency energy (RF) from cellular devices can interact with some electronic devices. This is electromagnetic interference (EMI). The FDA helped develop a detailed test method to measure EMI of implanted cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators from cellular devices. This test method is part of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standard. This standard allows manufacturers to ensure that cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators are safe from cellular device EMI.

The FDA continues to monitor cellular devices for interactions with other medical devices. If harmful interference occurs, the FDA will assess the interference and work to resolve the problem.

11.4.2. Precautions for pacemaker wearers

If EMI occurs, it could affect a pacemaker in one of three ways:

• Stop the pacemaker from delivering the stimulating pulses that regulate the heart's rhythm.

• Cause the pacemaker to deliver the pulses irregularly.

• Cause the pacemaker to ignore the heart's own rhythm and deliver pulses at a fixed rate.

Based on current research, cellular devices do not pose a significant health problem for most pacemaker wearers. However, people with pacemakers may want to take simple precautions to be sure that their device doesn't cause a problem.

• Keep the device on the opposite side of the body from the pacemaker to add extra distance between the pacemaker and the device.

• Avoid placing a turned-on device next to the pacemaker (for example, don’t carry the device in a shirt or jacket pocket directly over the pacemaker).

11.5. User Responsibility

Respect all local regulations for operating your wireless device. Use the security features to block unauthorized use and theft.